Charged Particle Spinning Creates
A Circle-Closed Magnetic Field
Jack Yong Li
Mar 20,
2016
PACS: 03.50.De ,07.55.Db, 11.40.Dw, 41.20.Jb
Abstract
Charged
particle spinning almost not be mentioned in electromagnetic theory of
classical physics, I will explain the principle a charged particle's spinning creates
a circle-closed magnetic field with novel way, and put forward new law: Charged Particle Spinning Law and new
rule: Lorentz Rule, I will use the
new concept that a charged particle's spinning creates a circle-closed magnetic
field and Charged Particle Spinning Law
to calculate the magnetic strength of infinite long straight
current wire, compare with the Biot-Savart
Law, also I will use Charged
Particle Spinning Law and Lorentz Rule
to explain some of electromagnetic phenomena to prove my hypothesis.
1.Introduction
since 1900's,many physics phenomena can't be
explained by classical physics, some physicists tried to use new theory to
explain them and got success, those new theories formed quantum mechanics,
quantum mechanics got rapidly development in twenty century, many quantum
mechanics new concept come from classical physics theory, for instance the
electron "spinning down" and "spinning up" about the model
of the atomic structure in quantum mechanics, many people was confused by this
concept, if we understand the principle for charged particle spinning properly,
then we can understand electron "spinning down" and "spinning
up" very easily. in the following section, I will explain to you how the
charged particle spin.
2. the condition of a charged particle spinning
object spinning
is very common physics phenomenon, when we talk about spinning, many people's first
reaction is earth spinning, and also we can give many spinning example, such as
football spinning, golf ball spinning, pingpong spinning, the character of this
kind of spinning is the spinning axis is not parallel to the moving direction
of the object, the angle between the spinning axis and the direction of the moving
is non zero. we don't care about this kind of spinning.
another kind of spinning like a windmill
spinning , or a dart spinning, or an arrow spinning, the best example is wind
spinner, wind spinner consist of rotors ,spinning axis, and a holder:
the principle of wind spinner is very similar
to windmill, the principle of windmill spinning is very simple, the huge rotor
blades on the front of a windmill are the spinning part. as wind passes by, the
kinetic energy (air
of movement) makes the blades spin around, the blades have a special curved
shape so they capture as much energy from the wind as possible. wind spinner
almost has the similar principle, the different between windmill and wind
spinner is: moving the wind spinner can make the air to push rotor to rotate
around spinning axis also, we find if
there is a relative movement between air and wind spinner, the wind spinner
will spin. this is the wind spinner spinning condition. we call this
spinning is a parallel spinning, because the spinning axis parallel to the
relative movement direction of the wind spinner.
now the
question is: does a charged particle spin? if it spins, which kind of spinning
it belongs to? and what is the condition of a charged particle spinning? to
answer these question, we must analyses the component of the charged particle, a
charged particle consists of two part, charge and electric field, the electric
field more like the rotor of a wind spinner, and charge like the body of the
wind spinner, the electric field as a rotor to push the charged particle
spinning, air is the media push the rotor of the wind spinner to rotation, but
what is the media to push the electric field of the charged particle to rotate,
we call this media dark matter, when
there is a movement between the charged particle and dark matter, the dark
matter will push the electric field of charged particle to rotate, and it force
the charged particle spinning.
so the
condition for a charged particle spinning: there is a relative movement between
a charged particle and dark matter, we don't discuss dark matter here, we
just know the dark matter can push the electric field of the charged particle
to rotate is enough.
3.the charged particle spinning direction and the circle-closed
magnetic field direction
we already know the condition of a charged particle spinning, the
next important thing we need to know is the direction of the charged particle
spinning, what factor can decide the spinning direction? we know the electric
field is the rotor parts for charged particle, we can easily figure out the
positive and negative charged particle must have different spinning direction.
because the electric field for positive and negative charged particle point to
the contrary direction.
by this character of the positive and negative
charged particle, we can get a law for judging the spinning direction of
charged particle, I call this Charged
Particle Spinning Law: if charged
particle has a relative movement with dark matter, the charged particle will
spin and create a circle-closed magnetic field. the spinning direction or the
circle-closed magnetic field direction can be judged by left and right hand,
left hand for negative charged particle,
right hand for the positive charged particle, thumb points to the relative
movement direction of charged particle, the direction curled fingers point to
is the direction of charged particle spinning or the direction of the circle-closed
magnetic field created by the rotation of electric field of the charged
particle, the spinning axis is the direction thumb points to. in another
word, if we face the relative movement direction of the charged particle,
negative charged particle will do the clockwise spinning, the direction of the circle-closed
magnetic field created by negative charged particle spinning will be clockwise;
positive charged particle will do the counterclockwise spinning, the direction
of the circle-closed magnetic field created by positive charged particle
spinning will be counterclockwise, because the direction for the rotation of
the electric field of the charged particle and the direction for the circle-closed
magnetic field created by the charged particle spinning is same, we just need
to know the charged particle spinning direction, we will know the direction of circle-closed
magnetic field created by the charged particle spinning
I want
to emphasize the relative movement
direction of the charged particle, if a charged particle moves, the
relative movement direction of the charged particle is the moving direction, if
the charged particle doesn't move, but the magnetic field around the charged
particle moves, this will lead the dark matter have the same movement direction
as the magnetic field movement, then the
relative movement direction of the charged particle is contrary to the
magnetic field movement direction.
in this picture, for electron in left side,
the relative movement direction is from left to right; for electron in right
side, the electron doesn't move, but the magnetic field movement direction is
from left to right, dark matter is pushed from left to right by the magnetic
field, so the relative movement direction of the electron is from right to
left.
4.the direction of the force on a spinning charged
particle in a uniform magnetic field
we
already know a moving charged particle will change the moving direction, if the
charged particle moving direction is perpendicular to the direction of the
magnetic field. but at that time, scientist didn't know the movement charged
particle create a circle close magnetic field, so here I will use the principle
that a charged particle spinning creates a circle-closed magnetic field to give
the rule for judging the direction of the force on a spinning charged particle
in a magnetic field, because this force on a moving charged particle in uniform
magnetic field was found by Lorentz, in order to commemorate Mr. Lorentz, I
call this Lorentz Rule: if a charged
particle's relative movement direction is perpendicular to uniform magnetic
field, the circle-closed magnetic field created by the relative movement
charged particle will interact with the uniform magnetic field and produce a
force on the relative movement charged particle, the direction of the force is
always from the point where two magnetic field have the same direction to the
charged particle and perpendicular to the relative movement direction of the charged
particle.
in this picture, there are 3 points(A ,B,C)
where the two magnetic field are the same direction, but only the direction
from point A to the charged particle is perpendicular to the relative movement
direction of the charged particle, so the direction of the force on the charged
particle is from A to the charged particle.
5 proof of the spinning of a charged particle creates
a circle close magnetic field
in this section I will use some physics experiment to prove Charged Particle Spinning Law and Lorentz Rule.
A. the magnetic field around the current wire
the current wire will create a circle-closed
magnetic field, we know the current consists of moving electrons, these moving
electrons have the contrary movement direction with the current, all these
electrons have the same spinning direction, we can use left hand for Charged Particle Spinning Law, we get the
circle-closed magnetic field direction by Charged
Particle Spinning Law is the same as the actual experiment.
this proved electrons moving caused the
electron spinning to create a circle-closed magnetic field.
B. a wire moving through the magnetic field
a. if we
put part of the closed wire in magnetic field, another part of the closed wire
outside the magnetic field, moving the closed wire will create current in closed
wire, we can use Charged Particle
Spinning Law and Lorentz Rule to
explain why there is current in the closed circuit.
because the wire move from left to right, the
freedom electrons inside wire also will move from left to right, use left hand
for Charged Particle Spinning Law to
those electrons, we get the spinning direction of those freedom electrons and
the circle-closed magnetic field direction created by those electrons spinning,
we can use the Lorentz Rule for
judging the direction of the force on those freedom electrons inside wire and
covered by the uniform magnetic field, the direction of the force on these
electrons inside wire covered by the uniform magnetic field is from top to bottom,
these electrons inside wire covered by the uniform magnetic field will move
from up to down, and the movement of these electrons inside wire covered by the
uniform magnetic field will force those electrons inside wire not covered in
the magnetic field move to the same direction in the closed wire ,current has
the contrary direction with the electrons moving direction. this result is the
exactly the same as the actual experiment. this also proved the movement electrons
will spin and create a circle close magnetic field (Charged Particle Spinning Law) and Lorentz Rule.
b. we
put all the closed wire in the uniform magnetic field, no current will be produced,
but there is a voltage difference between
top and bottom, we can use Charged
Particle Spinning Law and Lorentz's
Rule to explain.
the freedom electrons movement direction is
the same as the wire movement direction, so freedom electrons in left part and
right part has the same spinning direction and produce the same direction of
circle close magnetic field, we use Charged
Particle Spinning Law and Lorentz
Rule, we will find the force on these electrons in both left and right part
have the same strength and direction, all those electrons in both left and
right part will move to the bottom and will be stuck at the bottom, after all
these freedom electrons reach to the bottom, there aren't moving electrons in
the closed wire, so there isn't current inside the closed wire, but all the
freedom electrons arrive at the bottom, there is a voltage difference between
top and bottom. this result is the exactly same with the actual experiment.
this also prove the movement electron will spin and create a circle-closed
magnetic field(Charged Particle Spinning
Law) and Lorentz Rule.
C. moving magnet and coil wire
when we move the magnet toward the closed
coil wire, it will produce a current, the current direction depend on the
magnetic pole and the movement direction of the magnet, I will use Charged Particle Spinning Law and Lorentz Rule to judge the current
direction.
in
above picture, we assume that the closed coil wire is a round and symmetry, we
just choose two symmetric point to research, one point close to us and another
point away from us, the magnet move from right to left, when the magnet move,
the magnetic field of the magnet force the dark matter moving from right to
left, and dark matter moving will force the freedom electrons to spin, the
electrons relative movement direction is from left to right, so use the Charged Particle Spinning Law to judge
the spinning direction of the electron, we get the direction of circle-closed
magnetic field at those two point, we find both of the circle-closed magnetic
field have the same direction.
but when we use Lorentz Rule to judge the direction of the force on the electron,
we find the direction of the force on the electron at the point close to us is
from bottom to top, the direction of the force on the electron at the point
away from us is from top to bottom, you will find the force direction on every freedom
electron in coiled wire will follow the force direction of the electron in
front of itself, all the freedom electrons in coiled wire will move in circular
circuit, obviously this will produce current.
when we move magnet away again, the relative
movement of these electron changed to the contrary direction and all the force
direction on these electrons changed to contrary direction and the current also
changed to the contrary direction. this result is the same as the experiment, this
prove the relative movement electron will spin and create circle close magnetic
field(Charged Particle Spinning Law)
and Lorentz Rule.
in this example, we think the magnetic field
of the magnet as one uniform magnetic field, perhaps this is very easy confused.
D. the waveform phase difference between primary and
secondary coil for transformer
In a transformer circuit, if we put the
alternative current in primary coil, the current induced in secondary coil will
be alternative also, but there will be a phase difference between the current waveform
in primary coil and the current waveform in secondary coil, I will use Charged Particle Spinning Law and Lorentz Rule to explain why.
From
example C we know, we just need analyze the movement direction of the electron
at one point, we can judge the direction of the current in coil wire circuit.
in this example if no specific instruction, "the electron" always
mean the electron at the dedicated point we chose, for convenience, we divide
the period T into four equal time parts, by analyzing every single time part,
we can get the waveform of the input and output current in the whole period T
and find out the phase difference of the current waveform.
(1) During
0 ~ T/4, the current in primary coil increase from zero to maximum, the
magnetic field will increase from zero to maximum, so we can think the magnetic
field produced by the primary coil will move from right to left, we know the
magnetic field moving will force the dark matter move from right to left, so
the freedom electrons in secondary coil will spin, the relative movement
direction of these electrons in secondary coil is from left to right. in
secondary coil, using Charged Particle
Spinning Law to the electron at the point we chose, we get the electron
spinning direction and the direction of the circle-closed magnetic field
produced by the electron spinning, then we use Lorentz Rule to the electron at the point we chose, we can get the
force direction on the electron is from bottom to top, the electron will move
from bottom to top, the current direction will be from top to bottom, so the
direction of the current is the same as the direction of the current in primary
coil, both of the direction of the current are positive during 0~T/4, we
already confirm the direction of the current in secondary coil, we need to
confirm the current initial value is maximum or zero in secondary coil, we can
assume that the current initial value in secondary coil is zero, the current in
secondary coil will change from zero to maximum during 0~T/4, by the continuous
character of the waveform, the direction of the current in secondary coil must
be positive during T/4~T/2, but if we use Charged
Particle Spinning Law and Lorentz
Rule, we find the direction of the current in secondary coil will be
negative during T/4~T/2,it conflict with the assumption, so the waveform of the
current in secondary coil must be from positive maximum to zero during the
first time part.
(2)During
T/4~T/2,the current in primary coil decrease from positive maximum to zero, the
magnetic field will decrease from maximum to zero, so we can think these
magnetic field produced by the primary coil move from left to right, we know
the magnetic field move will force the dark matter move from left to right, so
the freedom electrons in secondary coil will spin, the relative movement
direction of the electron is from right to left, we use Charged Particle Spinning Law to the electron at the point we
chose, we get the electron spinning direction and the direction of the
circle-closed magnetic field produced by the electron spinning, then we use Lorentz Rule to the electron at the
point we chose, we can get the force direction on the electron is from top to
bottom, the electron will move from top to bottom, so the current direction
will be from bottom to top. we noticed during this time part, the direction of
the force on the electron changed, that is why the current direction changed in
second time part, by the continuous character of the waveform, the waveform of
the current in secondary coil will change from zero to negative maximum.
(3)During
T/2~3T/4,the direction of current in primary coil changes from positive to
negative, but the current value increases from zero to negative maximum, so the
magnetic field direction produced by the primary coil wire changes to the
contrary, when we use Charged Particle
Spinning Law and Lorentz Rule,
we find the direction of the force on electron in secondary circuit keep the
same as the direction during the second time part, but the current value will
decrease from negative maximum to zero.
(4)During
3T/4~T,the current in primary coil keep the same direction, but the current
value will decrease from negative maximum to zero, when we use Charged Particle Spinning Law and Lorentz Rule, we find the direction of
the force on electron in secondary coil change to the contrary, so the current
will be positive and the waveform of the current in secondary coil will change
from zero to positive maximum .
we find the phase difference of the waveform
of the current between primary coil and secondary coil is л/2,this result is the same as the actual experiment, so we proved Charged Particle Spinning Law and Lorentz Rule again.
E. The magnetic field of the current coil wire
if two electrons have the same spinning direction
at one point, the strength of the magnetic field created by two electron can be
add up. for example, the strength of the magnetic field at the central of the multiple
coiled wire would be the sum of the strength of the magnetic field produced by
the single coiled wire, this means the strength of the magnetic field at one
point is the sum of the strength of the magnetic field produced by all the
freedom movement electrons spinning in coiled wire, that is why more coil
numbers more strong of the magnetic field.
we can give more example, for example, the
force on a straight current wire in uniform magnetic field, and we can explain
why two parallel current wire appeal each other..., all the phenomena about
relationship between electric field and magnetic field should be explained by Charged Particle Spinning Law and Lorentz Rule, I don't want waste to
much time to the explanation of these one by one, you can use Charged Particle Spinning Law and Lorentz Rule to explain them very
easily.
F. the force on a moving charged particle in uniform
magnetic field
All of
the five examples above, charged particles are contained in certain object, in
this example, I will prove the charged particle even in free space do the same
spinning, we know if a moving charged particle pass through a uniform magnetic
field, if the direction of the movement charged particle is perpendicular to
the uniform magnetic field, the charged particle will change the moving
direction and do a circle movement.
we can use left hand for negative charged
particle and right had for positive charged particle to the Charged Particle Spinning Law to judge
the charged particle spinning direction(circle-closed magnetic field
direction),and then we use Lorentz Rule
to judge the force direction on the charged particle,we get the force
direction on positive and negative charged particle is contrary and the result
is the same as the experiment. this proved a free charged particle in free
space do the same spinning as the free charged particles inside certain object.
from this example, we can confirm electron's
spinning axis always parallel to the relative movement direction of the
electron in any situation,this is very important,it will be very useful for researching the atomic structure.
6.The calculating of magnetic strength of circle-closed
magnetic field
in this
section, I will use the concept of charged particle spinning creates a circle-closed
magnetic field to build a mathematic model and then to calculate the circle-closed
magnetic field around the unlimited straight current wire, and compare with Biot_Sarvat Law.
if a electron moves speed at V, we can define
the strength of the magnetic field created by the electron spinning at the point
P is
θ
is the angle between the moving direction of the
electron and the direction of the electric field of point P,Ex is
the projection of E to the electron moving direction, Ey
so the strength of the magnetic field
produced by the movement electron 
we have the definition of the circle-closed magnetic
field created by the movement charged particle now,we can calculate the
magnet
-ic field strength of an unlimited straight wire, we know the current
consist of moving electrons,moving electrons will spin and produce a circle-closed
magnetic field,because all electrons have the same moving direction,if we
want to calculate the magnetic strength at one dedicated point around the wire,
we can add up all the moving electron's circle-closed magnetic field at the
dedicated point together by integral calculus.
assume that cross sectional area of wire is
s, and electron density isρ,q is unit electrical charge quantity, the distance from the point
we will calculate the magnetic field strength to the current wire is a ,so the
electrical charge quantity of the electrons in a small piece of length dx is
qsdx, we can think
qsdx as one electron, because it
can be add up, the magnetic field strength at point P produced by this small
piece of wire dx is △B=ExV+jEyV=EVcosθ+jEVsinθ,V is the speed of the electron
moving in wire, θ is the angle between the moving direction of the electron and the
direction of the electric field of point P,the
electrical strength of the point P is
7.conclusion
from the above proof, we know if there is a relative movement between a
charged particle and dark matter, dark
matter will push the electric field of a charged particle to rotate, the electric
field rotation lead the charged particle to spin and create a circle-closed
magnetic field, and the charged particle's spinning axis is always parallel to
the relative movement direction of the charged particle, positive and negative charged
particle moving at the same direction have different spinning different
direction and create different direction circle-closed magnetic field.if we face the relative movement direction
of a charged particle, the negative charged particle will do a clockwise
spinning(the circle-closed magnetic field direction is clockwise), the positive
charged particle will do a counter-clockwise spinning(the circle-closed
magnetic field direction is counter-clockwise).
